منابع مشابه
Causal Diagrams
From their inception in the early 20th century, causal systems models (more commonly known as structural-equations models) were accompanied by graphi-cal representations or path diagrams that provided compact summaries of qualitative assumptions made by the models. Fig. 1 provides a graph that would correspond to any system of 5 equations encoding these assumptions:
متن کاملMatched designs and causal diagrams.
We use causal diagrams to illustrate the consequences of matching and the appropriate handling of matched variables in cohort and case-control studies. The matching process generally forces certain variables to be independent despite their being connected in the causal diagram, a phenomenon known as unfaithfulness. We show how causal diagrams can be used to visualize many previous results about...
متن کاملCausal diagrams for epidemiologic research.
Causal diagrams have a long history of informal use and, more recently, have undergone formal development for applications in expert systems and robotics. We provide an introduction to these developments and their use in epidemiologic research. Causal diagrams can provide a starting point for identifying variables that must be measured and controlled to obtain unconfounded effect estimates. The...
متن کاملCausal diagrams in systems epidemiology
Methods of diagrammatic modelling have been greatly developed in the past two decades. Outside the context of infectious diseases, systematic use of diagrams in epidemiology has been mainly confined to the analysis of a single link: that between a disease outcome and its proximal determinant(s). Transmitted causes ("causes of causes") tend not to be systematically analysed.The infectious diseas...
متن کاملCausal diagrams and the cross-sectional study
The cross-sectional study design is sometimes avoided by researchers or considered an undesired methodology. Possible reasons include incomplete understanding of the research design, fear of bias, and uncertainty about the measure of association. Using causal diagrams and certain premises, we compared a hypothetical cross-sectional study of the effect of a fertility drug on pregnancy with a hyp...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Epidemiology
سال: 2017
ISSN: 1044-3983
DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000554